an abstract concept does not exist, it can not cross into reality;
it is non sense;
sourceCrown: it is an “amorphous, abstract concept”, a “convenient cover for ignorance”;
Source: David Torrance, House of Commons Library, The Crown and the Constitution, 4 August 2025;
Crown copyright
Source: Crown Copyright in the Information Age, January 1998; Annex A: non-exhaustive;
Crown, fiction and its styles
David Torrance writes that the monarch and the Crown are related but separate, and reports a corporation-sole account of the Crown; William Blackstone writes that corporations are artificial persons and that the King is a sole corporation;
sourceCopyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 163: qualifying work “made by His Majesty or by an officer or servant of the Crown”; “His Majesty is the first owner”; “Crown copyright”; section 164: “His Majesty is entitled to copyright in every Act”; “Crown copyright”;
man is man; “His Majesty”: is a style; King: is a title and office; corporation sole: is an artificial person; Crown: is an abstract concept; Crown-in-Parliament and Crown copyright: are categories; all of them are fiction; fiction can not do a deed; it is non sense;
© Crown copyright [year]: it is an implied claim; a fiction can not own a copyright;
- an imaginary thing can not receive, hold, own, license, or grant authority; it does not exist;
- the chain contains fiction;
- fiction can not cross the boundary into reality;
- to pretend it can is deceit;
Crown fiction in everyday use
identity and personal records
- Driving License — the Secretary of State legally grants the licence under the Road Traffic Act 1988, section 97; Secretary of State for Transport is a corporation sole; fiction can not grant; see fraud;
- Birth Certificate — Certified Copy of an Entry (CCOAE) — a certified copy of an entry is provided under the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953, section 30; Registrar General for England and Wales is a corporation sole; fiction can not certify; see fraud;
- Passport — the decision to issue belongs to the Home Secretary under the Royal Prerogative; HM Passport Office acts operationally on the Home Secretary’s behalf; Crown is an abstract concept; fiction can not issue; see fraud;
- other Annex A items: death and marriage certificates; land certificates; office copies of registers or title sheets;
law, road and official process
- MOT Test Certificate — the Road Traffic Act 1988, section 47 prohibits using a vehicle to which it applies on a road without a current test certificate; Acts of Parliament are Crown copyright; Crown is an abstract concept; fiction can not prohibit; see fraud;
- Act of Parliament — under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 164, His Majesty is entitled to copyright in every Act; every Act is Crown copyright; fiction can not own; see fraud;
- other Annex A items: Statutory Instruments, Statutory Rules and Orders; court judgments and tribunal decisions; the Highway Code and Police and Criminal Evidence Code of Practice; Building Regulations;
forms, registers, maps and signs
- V5C Registration Document — under the Road Vehicles (Registration and Licensing) Regulations 2002, regulation 10(4), the Secretary of State shall issue a registration document to the keeper; Secretary of State for Transport is a corporation sole; fiction can not issue; see fraud;
- Postal Address and Postcode — the Postal Services Act 2000, section 116 requires the owner of the Postcode Address File to maintain it and make it available; Ofcom records Royal Mail as owner and defines Royal Mail as Royal Mail Group Limited; Royal Mail Group Limited is a company, an artificial person; fiction can not own; see fraud;
- HM Land Registry Title Register — paragraph 4 of the Land Registration Act 2002 Explanatory Notes states: “The Crown is the only absolute owner of land in England and Wales: all others hold an estate in land”; Crown is an abstract concept; fiction can not own; see fraud;
- HMRC Notice to File a Tax Return — under the Taxes Management Act 1970, section 8, a person may be required by notice to make and deliver a return; the Finance Act 2020, section 103 says HMRC may give that notice; HMRC comprises the Commissioners and officers of Revenue and Customs; the Commissioners act on behalf of the Crown; Crown is an abstract concept; fiction can not require; see fraud;
Corporation sole: examples
a Corporation sole is an abstract concept, it is a fiction; here are some uses, any of which indicate that wherever it is relied upon, the outcome is falsehood;
| corporation sole | use | provision |
|---|---|---|
| Crown | property vested in Crown and succession; | Law of Property Act 1925, section 180 — property context; |
| Registrar General | birth and death registration; certified copies; | Registration Service Act 1953, section 1(2); |
| Secretary of State for Transport | V5C registration document and driving licence; | Secretary of State for Transport Order 1976, article 4; |
| Treasury Solicitor | property and deeds; unclaimed estates and dissolved-company assets; | Treasury Solicitor Act 1876, section 1; |
| Public Trustee | trust and estate administration; | Public Trustee Act 1906, sections 1 and 2; |
| Official Custodian for Charities | holds title to charity land despite changing trustees; | Charities Act 2011, Schedule 2, paragraph 1; |
| Housing Ombudsman | tenant and landlord complaint determinations; not a Crown chain; | Housing Act 1996, Schedule 2, paragraph 10; 2013 corporation-sole order; |
| police and crime commissioners; chief constables | police governance, staff and property; not every police act; | Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011, sections 1–4 and Schedule 2; |
- the Secretary of State legally grants the driving licence under the Road Traffic Act 1988, section 97;
- Secretary of State for Transport is a corporation sole; a corporation sole is fiction;
- fiction can not grant, or cross over into reality; see fraud;
sources
source list
- David Torrance, House of Commons Library, The Crown and the Constitution, 4 August 2025, summary and section 1.1, pages 6–9: no single accepted definition for Crown; monarch and Crown related but separate; Crown vested in the King; corporation-sole account;
- Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 163 and section 164;
- William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book I, chapter 18, star pages 467–470: corporations are artificial persons; the King is a sole corporation;
- Crown Copyright in the Information Age, Cm 3819, January 1998, chapter 2 and Annex A;
- Intellectual Property Office, copyright guidance and The National Archives, copyright statements in official publications: no requirement of notice for protection; appropriate copyright-and-reuse statement required for government publications;
- Road Traffic Act 1988, section 97: the Secretary of State must grant a licence when the requirements are met; Secretary of State for Transport Order 1976, article 4: named office constituted a corporation sole; DVLA, about: Department for Transport executive agency responsible for issuing photocard driving licences and vehicle registration certificates; Road Vehicles (Registration and Licensing) Regulations 2002, regulation 10(4): the Secretary of State shall issue a registration document to the keeper;
- Postal Services Act 2000, section 116: the owner must maintain the Postcode Address File and make it available; Ofcom, PAF and postcode decisions, 7 April 2025: Royal Mail owns the File; Ofcom, designated universal service provider conditions: Royal Mail means Royal Mail Group Limited; Companies House, Royal Mail Group Limited: active private limited company;
- Land Registration Act 2002, Explanatory Notes, paragraph 4: “The Crown is the only absolute owner of land in England and Wales: all others hold an estate in land”; HM Land Registry, about: registers ownership of land and property in England and Wales;
- Taxes Management Act 1970, section 8: notice requiring a return; Finance Act 2020, section 103: HMRC may give the notice; Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005, section 4: meaning of HMRC; section 1(4): Commissioners act on behalf of the Crown;
- Road Traffic Act 1988, section 47 and MOT testing guide: obligatory test certificate; examination by an approved tester; result recorded;
- Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953, section 30 and section 33: certified-copy route; Registration Service Act 1953, section 1(2), inserted by Statistics and Registration Service Act 2007, section 68: Registrar General constituted a corporation sole; The National Archives and GRO certificate guidance: printed assertion of Crown copyright in the certificate layout; no ownership of its contents;
- Law of Property Act 1925, section 180: property vested in a corporation sole, expressly “including the Crown”; Treasury Solicitor Act 1876, section 1; Public Trustee Act 1906, section 1 and section 2; Charities Act 2011, Schedule 2, paragraph 1;
- Housing Act 1996, Schedule 2, paragraph 10 and Housing Ombudsman annual report and accounts: corporation-sole administration from 1 April 2013; Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011, section 1 and Schedule 2, paragraph 2: police and crime commissioners and chief constables as corporations sole;
- Cabinet Office, Common Legislative Solutions: corporation sole in England, Wales or Northern Ireland; Scots law has no corporation-sole concept; legislation.gov.uk exact-phrase search: index requiring office-by-office status checks, not a central register;
- HM Passport Office, about: sole issuer of UK passports on behalf of Crown;
- Official Royal Prerogative guidance: the decision to issue belongs to the Home Secretary under the Royal Prerogative; HM Passport Office acts operationally on the Home Secretary’s behalf;
- Erskine May, enacting formula and UK Parliament, Royal Assent;
